For Referring Veterinarians

Heat stroke in dogs is a common disorder with life-threatening consequences. This article will review the causes of hyperthermia and the negative impact of high temperatures on organ function. Causes of Hyperthermia in Dogs Hyperthermia is an abnormally high body temperature, and in dogs, it is typically observed between 104.9F – 109.4F. There are two forms of hyperthermia: pyrogenic and non-pyrogenic. With pyrogenic hyperthermia, the body is presented with pyrogens (ex – substances produced from…

Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disorder (FLUTD) describes a clinical syndrome which manifests as pollakiuria, stranguria, and hematuria. Cats also frequently develop a habit of inappropriate elimination, which can hamper the human-animal bond and may result in relinquishment or euthanasia, making understanding of how to treat this a disorder of crucial importance. It is estimated that 5% of cats develop FLUTD, with equal representation between males and females. However, due to anatomical differences, there is a…

Intoxication Management with Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) Therapy for Dogs and Cats Dealing with intoxicated veterinary patients can be difficult. There are few toxins for which there is an antidote. Often, the options available to the clinician are limited to supportive care while waiting for the toxic signs to abate. The recent development of another option in treating certain severe toxicities, intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is garnering attention. Proposed in the late 1990s, intravenous…